Tsuga canadensis is native to eastern North America, from the Great Lakes region east to Nova Scotia, and south to northern Alabama and Georgia in the Appalachians (Map). It prefers cool sites with moist soils in mixed and deciduous forests, e.g., alongside coldwater streams and in ravines; 100-1,500 m. It is a tree, up to 30-40 m in height, and 1-1.5 m DBH; longevity may exceed 500 years. Bark is brownish and furrowed. Leaves (needles) are glaucous, flattened, 10-20 mm long. The seed cones are ovoid, 15-25 mm long. Eastern Hemlock is currently threatened by the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae), an insect introduced from East Asia in the 1950s.

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