| Terra Nova National Park Newfoundland |
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Terra Nova National Park (40,400 ha) is located on the east coast of Newfoundland (map) and encompasses forests, bogs, fens, lakes, rock barrens, and over 200 km of the coastline, including tidal mudflats. The forests are dominated by Black Spruce (Picea mariana) and Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea). Native mammal fauna is impoverished (14 terrestrial species), but includes endemic subspecies, e.g., Newfoundland Black Bear (Ursus americanus hamiltoni), Newfoundland Marten (Martes americana atrata), and Newfoundland beaver (Castor canadensis caecator). Other species are Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis), Northern River Otter (Lontra canadensis), etc. About 100 species of breeding birds. No amphibians occur in Newfoundland naturally, but 2-3 species were introduced to Terra Nova. Native flora includes ca. 430 species of vascular plants.
The park has been affected by logging (prior to the park establishment in 1957), fire suppression, and the introduction of non-native animals, notably 11 species of non-native mammals from the mainland. Three of these, Moose (Acles alces), Snowshoe Hare (Lepus americanus), and Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), have made the most noticeable impact on the ecosystems, interfering with forest regeneration and natural succession. Moose overbrowsing, along with fire suppression, have led to the establishment of Kalmia angustifolia barrens, which would not have existed under natural conditions.
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